For improvement and stabilization of problematic soils in terms of geotechnical properties, it should be required to use proper materials. Therefore, tire chips is as new option can be suggested. On the other side, disposing of waste tire is one of the environmental problems. In present study, improving bearing capacity of kaolinite clay soil with using granule particle of tire waste (with aim of reducing environmental pollutants) based on laboratory tests have been investigated. Waste tire Granule particles in 1, 3 and 5 mm diameters and 2. 5, 5, 7. 5 and 10 percentage were mixed with clay. For evaluating geotechnical properties of stabilized clayey soil, compaction, uniaxial, direct shear and permeability tests were performed. Results of this study showed that, optimum of particle size and waste tire particle content are respectively 1 mm and 2. 5 percentage (by weight). So that, in this values minimum void ratio significantly decreased in improved specimens. Consequently, bearing capacity and compressibility were growth. Also, with adding waste tire granule particle by a size larger than 1 mm and more 2. 5 % content in improved soil, permeability went up.

Attempts to use waster rubber powder as an adsorbent of pollutants in wastewater treatment applications is an environmentally friendly, efficient and novel method, especially in the tire industry wastewater treatment process. This study evaluated the efficiency of waste tire rubber powder in adsorbing the tire industry wastewater. The rubber and The wastewater were prepared from Kavir Qom Co. and Artawheel Tire Co., respectively. Comparison of UV-vis spectrophotometer results of the nontreated wastewater with the wastewater data after adsorption under various thermal and temporal conditions indicated that the tire powder adsorbent has the necessary efficiency for treating the tire industry wastewater. Examination of data with pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models also confirmed the adsorbent’s efficiency and showed that the second-order kinetic model had a good correspondence with the obtained results.

Materials such as waste tire chips were widely used to improve the strength of soil. The objective of this study is to discuss the residual strength or steady-state behavior of sand-waste tire chip mixtures. A series of undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated specimens of sand and sand-tire chip mixtures with variation in the tire-chip contents from 0 to 4 percentages by dry weight of soil. The specimens are prepared using dry deposition method of preparation. The influence on residual resistance of varying confining pressure (100, 200, and 300 kPa) and sand mixture relative density (40, 65, and 80%) were evaluated. Tests results showed that by increasing the tire chip contents, the residual strength increased and steady-state lines move to the right of log Sus-e diagram. Also, the residual resistance improvement induced by tire chip inclusions was found to be sensitive to the relative density of samples and applied confining pressure.

Some of the desirable properties of concrete include high impact resistance and great energy-sucking capacity to name a few. These properties can be improved through the use of sustainable materials. This study investigated the effects of partly replacing fine aggregate with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and waste rubber (WR) as fine aggregates on the efficiency of concrete under impact loading. Two water to binder ratio (W/B) percentages of (0.40 and 0.55) were selected, with six (LLDPE-R) replacement grades (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%) and two silica fume (SF) replacement grades (0% and 15%). Six cylinders with 150 and 60 mm were subjected to an impact by a 4.45 kg hammer striking. Test results indicated that impact resistance for the first visible crack and the ultimate failure increased with LLDPE-R content, where it increased by 4.76 times. This study also demonstrated that the impact resistance for the first visible crack of LLDPE-R concrete was improved by an average of 295% for specimens without SF and 292% for specimens containing SF. This enhancement for the ultimate failure is 291% and 290% for specimens without SF and containing SF, respectively.

As part of the stabilization systems for excavations and slopes, shotcrete today plays an extensive role in civil and mining engineering practices. A great number of efforts have been made during recent years to improve the strength and ductility of shotcretes. Fiber incorporation can be named as one of these efforts. Based on the type and characteristics of fibers, reinforced shotcretes display different properties. As a result, advantages and disadvantages of each type of fiber are being studied. This study presents the results obtained from experimental investigations of the influence of waste tire textile fiber addition on strength, ductility, and energy absorption capacity of shotcretes. After preparing specimens reinforced at fiber contents of 0. 5%, 1%, 1. 5%, and 2%, unconfined compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and three-point bending strength were conducted on all samples. The results show that using the fibers inhibits the brittle behavior of specimens and increases energy absorption capacity. Several advantages of using this fiber can be named such as high entanglement in the matrix, low specific weight of the fibers as compared with mesh and steel fibers, easy pumping, and high durability in damp and acidic environments. Moreover, due to the fact of being waste materials, using these fibers leads to lowering the costs of projects as well as tackling the environmental hazards ensued by burying or burning them.

There have recently been several initiatives to develop eco-sustainable materials because of the growing concern over ecological contamination caused by the overuse of synthetic materials. Previous studies in literature have explored the development of rice straw waste-based epoxy composites. Another waste hazard of concern in the current times is that of waste tire rubber. The present study investigates the physico-mechanical properties of a unique hybrid composite consisting of recycled waste tire rubber and rice straw reinforced composite, which has not been investigated in the literature. Their density, water absorption, hardness, tensile and flexural strengths were examined with variations in the proportion of rubber particles and rice husk. Increase in the rubber content resulted in proportional rise in the water uptake, hardness, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The composite with 25 wt.% of rubber and 5 wt.% of rubber showed the highest tensile strength and strain of 12.5 MPa and 0.015, respectively. The composite with 15% RS and WTR showed a 14.26% increase in flexural strength, with the neat composite exhibiting the highest strength. The composite material can be used as structural panels for instruments or devices in low load bearing applications. The developed sustainable material with waste generated from used tires and rice husk can aid in decreasing the harmful effects caused on the environment and human health during their disposal.

In recent years, the number of waste tires around the world is increasing rapidly and has become an environmental and economic problem. Today, accumulation of waste tires in the environment is one of the biggest problems to the environment and recycling waste tires is the best strategy to solve this problem. The use of waste tires in construction and geotechnical projects is one of the effective strategies in this regard. In this paper, experimental tests of earth slope reinforced with waste tires based on horizontal displacement (25 experiments) has been performed. During incremental loading, digital images were taken from the models and the particle image velocity (PIV) method was used. Parameters such as tire layer length, number of layers and tire layer position are considered as variable. The results show that the use of tire reinforcement has a significant effect on reducing horizontal displacement under the foundation and slope surface. Horizontal tire rows are the best reinforcement location in terms of improved bearing capacity and lateral displacement. When four layers of 60 cm long reinforcement tire are placed in the upper half of the slope, the bearing capacity increases 3 times and the lateral displacement under the foundation decreases by 3. 1 times. When three layers of tires with a length of 60 cm are placed in the upper third of the slope, the bearing capacity increases by 2. 3 times and the lateral displacement under the foundation increases by 1. 3 times. When six, eight, and nine layers of reinforcing tires with a length of 60 cm are placed into the slope, lateral displacement under the foundation is reduced more than 3. 5 times. In Iran, eight largest tire factories produce 13. 5 million tires in a year. It also imports 4 million tires a year. Therefore, 17. 5 million tires are the annual consumption of the country. More than 100, 000 tires are the product of factory production line waste, as well as used tires. Waste tires have been used to strength retaining walls, foundations, improve soil properties, embankments and etc. Therefore it is believed that soil reinforced with waste tires become a wider application in the future, especially in countries with low worker costs. In this paper, the test was performed in a box with length, width and height of 2, 1, 1 m, respectively. The test material used in this study is sand in the dry state. The maximum and minimum dry sand densities are 19. 43 and 16. 36 kN/m, respectively. Internal friction angle and cohesion were measured by direct shear test at 38 degree and about 0 kPa, respectively. Digital images taken from the front of the test box during the experiment. Images were processed using GeoPIV software developed at the University of Cambridge. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The best position in terms of bearing capacity and lateral displacement is to use four layers of reinforcing tire in the upper half of the slope. 2. As the length of the reinforcement layer increases, the bearing capacity increases significantly and the lateral displacement decreases. Especially when the length of the reinforcement tire is 60 cm and the length of the reinforcement passes through the rupture wedge, the improvement in bearing capacity and lateral displacement of the foundation is noticeable. 3. The best position in the three layers of reinforcement tire on the slope in terms of bearing capacity and lateral displacement is one-third of the upper slope. 4. The presence of a tire in the lower third of the slope has little effect on improving the bearing capacity, lateral displacement of the foundation and the slope surface compared to the slope without reinforcement.

Waste tire rubbers are considered one of the environment pollutants. Increased production of these pollutants has led to more serious consideration of ways to reduce the harms caused by their accumulation in the environment. Therefore, the effects of incorporation of waste rubber crushed particles in two sizes of 1-2 and 3-5 mm and the amounts of 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 in a calcareous soil (0-30 cm depth) on some chemical properties of soil was investigated in Isfahan University of Technology research field (Lavark). This experiment was performed using seven treatments along with a non amended control treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 1387. Eight months after incorporation, soil samples were collected for laboratory analyses. Results of ANOVA tables show that soil pH, electrical conductivity, percentage of total nitrogen and DTPA-extractable concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and iron were not significantly affected by application of rubber particles. Incorporation of rubber particles into the soil significantly increased soil organic carbon and carbon to nitrogen. Increases in the DTPA-extractable Zn in soils treated with 10 and 20 Mg ha rubber particles in fine and coarse sizes were significant in comparison with the control soil.DTPA-extractable Zn content in the soil treated with 10 and 20 Mg ha 3-5 mm waste tire rubbers particles was about two and three times higher than that in the control treatment, respectively. The results of this study showed that in shorttime, incorporation of crushed tire rubbers particles had no significant effect on most chemical properties of the soil but increased the available Zn content. In this regard, further studies to monitor the effects of adding waste rubber crushed particles on organic matter mineralization, plant toxicity and physical properties of soil in long-term are recommended.

In this research, the effect of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated in the thermal pyrolysis of catalysis of waste tires in Bangladesh. The tires of bus and trucks were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the derived pyrolysis gases were passed through a condenser. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ZSM-5 on the composition of pyrolytic waste tires oil. The influences of pyrolysis temperature, catalyst-tires (CT) ratio on the production of the derived products were also investigated. While the catalyst-tire (CT) ratio and the pyrolysis temperature were increased the production of char and oil increased but the production of gas was in decreasing trend. Moreover, the CHNS analysis revealed that the percentage of carbon increased from 86. 81% to 88. 60% and the percentage of sulfur decreased from 1. 325% to 1. 064% while the catalyst-tire ratio was increased from 0. 1 to 0. 15. It was noticed from the GC-MS data that the certain aromatic compounds were a high amount as the catalyst-tire ratio was increased gradually The presence of toluene and O-xylene in pyrolytic oil of waste tires increased significantly with a 0. 15 CT ratio and this pyrolytic oil would be potentially used as chemical feedstock in different industries.

Background and Objective: Polltion of food chain components such as vegetables to heavy metals is one of the important environmental problems.Remediation management of these metals especially Cd is very important. Thus, this research was done to investigate the effect of Arak municipal waste compost enriched with tire rubber ash on decreasing spinach Cd concentration in a Cd polluted soil.Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of applying (0, 200 kg/ha) Arak municipal waste compost enriched with tire rubber ash and Cd pollution at the rates of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg Cd (kg soil)-1. The plant used in this experiments was spinach.Results: Increasing application rate Arak municipal waste compost from 0 to 20 and 40 ton/ha in a Cd polluted soil (mg Cd (kg soil)-1) caused a significant reduction in DTPA extractable-Cd by16 and 45 %, respectively. Similar to this result, shoot Cd concentration was decreased. Applying tire rubber ash also had an important role on decreasing Cd concentration.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that applying Arak municipal waste compost had an important role on decreasing Cd concentration. This was due to the application of the organic amendment on increasing soil sorption properties that it in turn decreased soil and plant Cd concentration. However, the role of plant type and soil physico-chemical properties on changes in Cd availability cannot be ignored.